Month: November 2013

Kindness (Revisited)

GENTILEZA GERA GENTILEZA

Last week’s ‘Kindness’ post generated a substantial number of responses, which has led to this follow up post focusing on two subjects: José Datrino and a colleague’s letter.

Part I: José Datrino

(Caveat: I am not an expert regarding José Datrino’s story and apologize in advance if there are any errors in this summary of his story.)

While very few people know the name José Datrino, most Brazilians are aware of his more prominent title, Profeta Gentileza, or Prophet of Kindness, made famous, in part, by the artist Marisa Monte. But, more about that in a moment.

In response to the “Kindness’ post, some friends reminded me of Profeta Gentileza’s story.  José Datrino, born in the state of São Paulo, lived from 1917 to 1996.  Profeta Gentileza, identified by his white robe and long beard, is best known for spending over twenty years walking the streets of Rio de Janeiro, preaching the words of love, kindness, and respect, while painting murals on the supporting walls of viaducts.  Beginning in 1980, José Datrino painted 56 different yellow and green murals with statements critical of society juxtaposed with words associated with kindness, love, and peace. From this period emerged the now famous phrase in Brazil, “Gentileza gera Gentileza” (Kindness generates Kindness).

In 1997, as part of an effort to clear the city of graffiti, José Datrino’s paintings were covered over with grey paint and were nearly lost forever. Fortunately, through a community-wide action plan, the paintings were restored shortly afterwards and became a part of the city’s cultural heritage. Though the paintings fell into disrepair and were marked by graffiti during the ensuing decade, as seen by the 2009 photos below, the paintings were again restored in 2011.

2009:

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2011:

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All 56 of the paintings can be viewed by clicking on the numbers on the map found in the link: Map of Paintings. Please note that all of the photos used in this blog posting are from the same website Rio com Gentileza.

The story of the Profeta Gentileza was made particularly famous by the song Gentileza, written and performed by the brilliant Brazilian artist Marisa Monte (live version is included at the end of this post).

 

Part II: A Colleague’s Letter 

To add to our reflections on ‘kindness’, the following is a letter a colleague sent to me after reading last week’s post. The author, who preferred to remain anonymous, presents several philosophical questions related to the concept of kindness and connects these questions to the basis of our existence. Whether we are contemplating José Datrino’s legacy or my colleague’s existential questions, there appears to be much to reflect on when considering the concept of ‘kindness’.

Colleague’s Letter:

I saw the article (and your blog) and read with interest. We spoke a few weeks ago about it. It is, isn’t it, the fundamental question about ethics: are human beings naturally “good” or naturally “bad”, so to speak. I use inverted commas because these are relative terms, fraught with difficulty and history, and come freighted with a whole host of cultural and personal values.

It´s the whole question of nature v. nurture – are we born a certain way or are we conditioned; or, to put it another way, to what extent does either factor create who we are. This debate is a central tenet of ethics in philosophy which, as you know, I enjoy reading: from Aristotle, through to Kant, to more recent questions of evolutionary biology, and Dawkins’ notion of the “selfish gene”, the relevance of the question remains as fundamental as ever.

Jean-Jaques Rousseau, along with certain eastern religions, such as Zen Buddhism, for example, and certain forms of existentialism would argue that human beings are born innocent (or at least free of a “fixed”, or predetermined, nature), a belief in the intrinsic perfectibility of humanity, and it is society that corrupts us; if this is so, then social laws and regulations act as unwanted restraints on our original condition of being, travestying our true nature; Hobbes, Machiavelli as well as the theological concept of original sin, on the other hand, would all suggest we are innately flawed, prone to wrong-doing, in which case the more laws, rules and regulations we have the better.

What I´m suggesting to you is that the answer to the question forms, and has formed, historically, the very basis of our social and political structures, the very way that human beings have organized themselves into communities. For example, in its more extreme forms, the political system of anarchy (meant in the utopian sense). would result from a belief that we are innately innocent or “good’ – the less rules the better in as far as rules thwart our nature; on the other hand, tyranny would be one possible result of the belief that we are innately flawed, such that the more rules and restraints on us the better.

I know this is bringing in ideas from sociology, political science and philosophy but the analogy with kindness still holds: is kindness fundamental to our being or is it something we can learn or, indeed, need to learn (because it doesn’t necessarily come “naturally”)? In this way, in the ethical context of this discussion, the question of humanity´s innate goodness (or not) is, for me, the question of questions and its answer concerns the very meaning of our lives.

Marisa Monte – Gentileza (live)

Photo Credits: http://www.riocomgentileza.com.br/index.html

The Importance of Arts Education

Anyone entering EAB’s auditorium on Friday morning was greeted by a resounding rush of energy and exhilaration, generated by students singing and dancing in their aisles to the music of a live New Orleans brass band. This was the scene last week when, through a series of serendipitous events, The Hot 8 Brass Band found its way to EAB to entertain our students and teachers with a memorable performance that spilled into the school’s hallway (photo credits: Valmir Gomes)

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The show put a fitting exclamation mark on a succession of outstanding arts events at EAB in recent weeks.  From the upper school band performance, to last Saturday’s parent-student arts celebration, to visual arts displays, to theater productions, our community has had the opportunity to appreciate and delight in the impressive work and talents of our students.  The arts related events of recent weeks have served to emphasize one of EAB’s five educational pillars and the importance of arts education.

Educational research is categorical in concluding that the inclusion of arts in educational programs is an essential factor associated with the learning process.  The Washington Post recently published an article highlighting the Top 10 Skills Children Learn from the Arts: creativity, confidence, problem solving, perseverance, focus, non-verbal communication, receiving constructive feedback, collaboration, dedication, and accountability.  Another article about the Important of Art in Child Development added motor skills, language development, decision-making, cultural awareness, and improved academic performance to the list of proficiencies. Harvard’s Project Zero Study emphasizes the importance of arts education, as does the Guggenheim Study, among many other studies.  If there is any doubt about the importance of the arts, then read the student comments submitted to the New York Times in response to the question, “How Important is Arts Education.”

Given my own academic background in mathematics and technology, I particularly appreciate how John Maeda and Mae Jemison emphasize, through their Ted Talks, the importance of integrating the arts, mathematics, and sciences in a K-12 educational program. John Maeda, the President of the Rhode Island School of Design, shares how art, technology, and design inform creative leaders (John Maeda Ted Talk).  Similarly, Mae Jemison, emphasizes the importance of integrating the arts and sciences and how these skills contributed to her success as an astronaut (Mae Jemison Ted Talk).

This article is not designed to diminish the importance of other academic fields but, rather, to highlight how arts education can complement and strengthen the study of other disciplines while also embodying a key field of study in itself.  I often hear of educators referring to the “core subjects” which, more often than not, excludes the arts. Given what we know about the arts, this paradigm must shift to a more inclusive approach to arts education.

Perhaps the Kennedy Center’s National Standards for Arts Education states it best:

“. . . the arts have been an inseparable part of the human journey; indeed, we depend on the arts to carry us toward the fullness of our humanity. We value them for themselves, and because we do, we believe knowing and practicing them is fundamental to the healthy development of our children’s minds and spirits.  That is why, in any civilization – ours included – the arts are inseparable from the very meaning of the term ‘education.’  We know from long experience that no one can claim to be truly educated who lacks basic knowledge and skills in the arts.”

Featured image: cc licensed ( BY NC SA 2.0 ) flickr photo by Nick Sherman: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nicksherman/4946005960/

 

A Importância da Educação Artística

Qualquer um que tenha entrado no auditório da EAB na quarta-feira pela manhã, foi saudado por uma onda ressonante de energia e alegria, gerada por alunos cantando e dançando pelos  corredores ao som da música ao vivo de uma banda de New Orleans.

Este foi o cenário, na semana passada, quando, através de uma série de eventos fortuitos, a banda The Hot 8 Brass Band  chegou até a EAB para entreter os nossos alunos e professores com uma performance memorável que se espalhou pelos corredores da escola .

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O show colocou um ponto de exclamação em uma sucessão de acontecimentos marcantes do Departamento de Artes da EAB nas últimas semanas. Desde a apresentação da banda do Upper School até a celebração de artes de pais-alunos no sábado passado, as exposições de artes visuais e as produções de teatro, a nossa comunidade teve a oportunidade de apreciar e deliciar-se com os trabalhos e talentos dos nossos alunos. Os eventos de Artes das últimas semanas serviram para enfatizar um dos cinco pilares educacionais da EAB e a importância da educação artística.

A pesquisa educacional é categórica ao concluir que a inclusão de artes em programas de educação é um fator essencial associado ao processo de aprendizagem. O Washington Post publicou recentemente um artigo destacando a as 10 HabilidadesTop Que As Crianças Aprendem com a Educação Artística : a criatividade, a confiança, a resolução de problemas, perseverança, foco, comunicação não-verbal, receber feedback construtivo, colaboração, dedicação e responsabilidade. Outro artigo sobre AImportância da ARte no Desenvolvimento da Criança acrescentou habilidades motoras, desenvolvimento da linguagem, tomada de decisão, consciência cultural e, um melhor desempenho acadêmico para a lista de proficiências.

O Project Zero Studyde Harvard destaca a importância da educação artística, assim como O Estudo Guggenheim,  entre muitos outros estudos. Se houver qualquer dúvida sobre a importância da educação artística, leia os comentários dos alunos apresentados ao New York Times, em resposta à questão: “Quão Importante é a Educação Artística“.

Dada a minha formação acadêmica em matemática e tecnologia, eu particularmente aprecio a forma como John Maeda e Mae Jemison enfatizam, por meio das Discussões do Ted, a importância da integração de artes, matemática e ciências em um programa de educação K-12. John Maeda, Presidente da Escola de Design Rhode Island, compartilha como a arte, a tecnologia e o design informam líderes criativos (. Da mesma forma, Mae Jemison, destaca a importância de integrar as artes e a ciência, e como essas habilidades contribuíram para o seu sucesso como astronauta  (Mae Jemison Ted Talk).

Este artigo não se destina a diminuir a importância de outras áreas acadêmicas, mas sim para destacar como a educação artística pode complementar e reforçar o estudo de outras disciplinas ao mesmo tempo, incorporando um campo de estudo chave em si. Eu geralmente ouço de educadores que se referem aos “temas centrais” que, na maioria das vezes, excluem artes. Dado o que sabemos sobre artes, este paradigma deve mudar para uma abordagem mais inclusiva a educação artística.

Talvez o Padrão Nacional de Educação Artística do Centro Kennedy, descreva da melhor maneira: “… a arte tem sido uma parte inseparável da jornada humana, na verdade, nós dependemos da arte para nos levar para a plenitude da nossa humanidade. Nós a valorizamos por ela mesma, e por causa disso, nós acreditamos que compreendê-la e praticá-la é fundamental para a o desenvolvimento do espírito e da saúde mental nos nossos filhos. É por isso que, em qualquer civilização –inclusive na nossa – a arte não pode ser separada do termo “educação”. Nós sabemos, através da nossa longa experiência, que ninguém pode querer ser verdadeiramente educado, caso não tenha conhecimentos básicos e habilidades em  artes.”

 Featured image: cc licensed ( BY NC SA 2.0 ) flickr photo by Nick Sherman: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nicksherman/4946005960/

Kindness

During my morning arrival to campus earlier this week, I noticed the presence of a woman standing in front of the school carefully scrutinizing everyone entering EAB.  Since I did not recognize the woman and with an obvious concern for security, I approached her and inquired about her presence at the school’s entrance.  The woman’s response was not what I expected to hear. Her name was Edith and before sharing her response to my question, we need to first rewind to the start of this school year.

It was a typical beautiful and sunny August morning in Brasilia when two EAB teachers were crossing the street making their way to school to prepare for classes and the day ahead.  The peacefulness of the morning was abruptly shattered when they witnessed a gruesome pedestrian accident that left a lone woman seriously injured and in desperate need of immediate medical attention.  The two EAB teachers dropped everything and rushed to the aid of the injured woman doing everything possible to comfort and assist her through what could only be described as a traumatic experience for all involved.  Our teachers continued to provide support until professional assistance arrived and rushed her to a hospital.  Since that fateful moment, we have not received any news about the woman’s status.  That is, until this week.

The woman who had the life-threating accident back in August was the same woman who was standing in front of EAB early one morning this week.  When I spoke with Edith, she explained that it took several months of rehabilitation and healing before she could walk again. Now that Edith had recovered from her accident, she had come to EAB in the early morning to personally express her profound gratitude with the two teachers who helped her at the time of the accident.  Since Edith did not know the teachers’ names, she was standing in front of school endeavoring to identify the teachers who demonstrated such high degrees of compassion and kindness.

There are many important reminders and lessons to highlight from this inspiring event, including the connection to several of EAB’s guiding principles.  On that fateful day in August, Edith and EAB’s teachers exemplified our school’s mission to “cultivate responsible and contributing citizens”, modeled the core values of “caring” and “responsibility”, and embodied the ideal of our school’s motto to “cultivate citizenship.”  Perhaps the one summative word to best describe the actions of both EAB’s teachers and Edith’s effort to express her gratitude is “kindness.”

Given the prominence of kindness in our society, it is important to reflect on the role that the parent-school partnership plays with respect to developing kindness in students.  While there is much debate about the teaching of kindness, I am a firm believer that the characteristics associated with kindness can be taught through our own modeling in conjunction with deliberate instructional practices.  The BBC recently published an article titled, “Making Time: Can We Teach Kindness?”, which overviews several experiments that demonstrate how external factors and influences, such as modeling, affects a person’s degree of kindness.  This research clearly supports the belief that kindness can be developed in youth and, given the paramount importance of our collective work towards “cultivating responsible and contributing citizens”, the school-parent partnership to both model and instruct has never been more essential.

An apparently simple act by two EAB teachers has left an indelible impression on Edith that will last a lifetime.  Through our own modeling and instruction, we hope, nay, expect, that our students will continue to exemplify EAB’s ideals through their own acts of kindness and gratitude.  Moreover, it is through these seemingly simple acts that we not only improve the quality of our own lives but also make a positive difference in the lives of others and, expectantly, in our greater community.  Thank you to Edith for modeling gratitude and thank you to EAB’s teachers for modeling an essential element of our school’s mission and purpose.

Kindess2

Gentileza

Ao chegar cedo à escola essa semana, percebi a presença de uma mulher parada em frente à escola e examinando cuidadosamente todos que estavam entrando na EAB. Como não a reconheci e, obviamente, aquilo me preocupou devido à segurança na escola, aproximei-me dela e questionei sua presença. A resposta dela não foi o que eu esperava ouvir. Seu nome é Edith e, antes de dividir a sua resposta, precisamos voltar ao início desse ano letivo.

Era um típico dia bonito e ensolarado, em uma manhã de Agosto em Brasília, quando dois professores da EAB estavam atravessando a L2 Sul, em seu caminho para escola, se preparando para aula e para o dia que eles teriam adiante. A tranquilidade da manhã foi, abruptamente, abalada quando eles testemunharam um acidente horrível, que deixou uma pedestre solitária, gravemente ferida e precisando desesperadamente de ajuda médica imediata. Os dois professores da EAB largaram tudo e correram para ajudar a mulher ferida, fazendo todo o possível para confortá-la e ajudá-la, nesta situação que só poderia ser descrita como uma experiência traumática para todos os envolvidos. Nossos professores continuaram a prestar apoio até que a assistência profissional chegou e a levou imediatamente para um hospital. Desde aquele momento fatídico, não recebemos qualquer notícia sobre a situação da mulher. Isto é, até esta semana.
A mulher que teve a vida ameaçada pelo acidente em agosto era a mesma mulher que estava em pé na frente da EAB logo cedo em uma manhã desta semana. Quando falei com Edith, ela explicou que foram vários meses até a sua reabilitação e cura, antes que ela pudesse voltar a andar. Agora que Edith havia se recuperado de seu acidente, ela veio a EAB, no início da manhã, para expressar, pessoalmente, sua profunda gratidão com os dois professores que a ajudaram no momento do acidente. Até então, Edith não sabia o nome deles, apenas estava de pé na frente da escola se esforçando para identificar os professores que demonstraram tanta compaixão e bondade.
Há muitas lembranças e lições importantes a destacar a partir deste evento inspirador, incluindo a conexão com vários dos princípios orientadores da EAB. Naquele dia fatídico, de agosto, os professores da EAB e a Edith exemplificaram a missão da nossa escola “cultivar cidadãos responsáveis e contribuintes”, revelando os valores fundamentais de “cuidado” e “responsabilidade”, e incorporaram o ideal do lema da nossa escola “cultivar a cidadania”. Talvez a melhor palavra para descrever as ações de ambos os professores da EAB e o esforço da Edith para expressar sua gratidão seja “bondade”.

Dada a importância da bondade em nossa sociedade, é importante refletir sobre o papel que a parceria entre pais e escola desempenha no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento desse sentimento nos estudantes. Embora haja muito debate sobre o ensino da bondade, eu acredito, firmemente, que as características associadas com a bondade podem ser ensinadas através do nosso próprio exemplo, em conjunto com práticas pedagógicas deliberadas. A BBC publicou recentemente um artigo intitulado “Making Time: Podemos ensinar Bondade?”, que dá uma visão geral de várias experiências que demonstram como fatores e influências externas, tais como o exemplo, afeta o grau de bondade de uma pessoa. Esta pesquisa apóia claramente a crença de que a bondade pode ser desenvolvida na juventude e, dada a importância fundamental do nosso trabalho coletivo no sentido de “cultivar cidadãos responsáveis e contribuintes”, a parceria família-escola, tanto como modelo quanto como meio de instrução, nunca foi tão essencial.

Um ato aparentemente simples de dois professores da EAB deixou um sentimento em Edith que vai durar uma vida inteira. Através do nosso próprio exemplo e instrução, esperamos, ou melhor, desejamos que os nossos alunos continuem a exemplificar os ideais da EAB através de seus próprios atos de bondade e gratidão. Além disso, é por meio desses atos, aparentemente simples, que não só melhoramos a qualidade de nossas própias vidas, mas também fazemos uma diferença positiva na vida dos outros e em nossa comunidade. Agradeço a Edith, pelo exemplo de gratidão, e aos professores da EAB pela demonstração desse elemento essencial da missão e propósito da nossa escolar.

Featured image: cc licensed ( BY NC ND 2.0 ) flickr photo by Molly (moominmolly): http://www.flickr.com/photos/moominmolly/2533284776/